Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• ][40][41], while others proposed an indirect transition [42][43][44][45]. However, amorphous materials exhibit neither an indirect nor a direct transition as these materials are highly disordered and do not have a band structure based on the Bloch theorem. Nevertheless, the electronic states in

• amorphous materials can be divided into localized and delocalized states, forming a so-called mobility gap [46]. Initially, the Tauc plot (Equation 1) was used to calculate band gap values for amorphous materials, i.e., mobility gaps, with a transition factor γ equal to 2 [37]. Hence, an amorphous material

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• high-angle scattering events, or moving it down to increase the angular resolution and distance for time-of-flight measurements. With this new system, we show composition-dependent contrast for amorphous materials and the contrast difference between small-angle and high-angle scattering signals. We

• using the beam deflected in a polar and azimuthal angular sector. For amorphous materials under perpendicular incidence, the transmitted beam is expected to be scattered symmetrically around the axis of incidence. The average polar angle of scattering depends on both the material and the thickness of

• transmission imaging mode and further tuning of acceptance angles can be done in post-processing. Additionally, ToF-resolved recording of the transmission events can be integrated into this system. Here, we use this system to study the mass-thickness-dependent contrast in amorphous materials and demonstrate

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• spectra and the kinetics of the photocurrent can provide information regarding the mechanisms of generation, recombination, and drift processes of non-equilibrium carriers in amorphous materials. Thus, investigations of stationary and transient characteristics of the photoconductivity of ternary amorphous

• , respectively. Recently, experimental results of steady-state and transient photocurrents of amorphous GexAsxSe1−2x and (As4S3Se3)1−xSnx thin films were presented [7][8]. It was established that the predominant mechanisms of recombination of the photo-excited carriers in the investigated amorphous materials are

• polarity for all investigated amorphous thin-film structures. This result can be explained by drift processes of non-equilibrium carriers in amorphous semiconductors as well as by the contact phenomena between interfaces of different amorphous materials and the metallic electrodes. Transmission spectra T

Amorphized length and variability in phase-change memory line cells

• Nafisa Noor,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Raihan Sayeed Khan,
• Anna Gorbenko and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1644–1654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.147

• unpredictable programming feature in phase-change memory devices can be utilized in hardware security applications. Keywords: amorphous materials; drift; electrical breakdown; electrical resistivity; phase-change memory; pulse measurement; stochastic processes; threshold switching; Introduction Phase-change

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• amorphous materials, whose size varies between 1 nm and several hundreds of nanometers [42]. Figure 6 shows the I(q)–q plot (SAXS curve) of the CSTiO2 structures. Additionally, the q in the Figure 6 is the scattering vector and I(q) is the intensity of scattering, respectively. The SAXS data were analyzed

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• the micrometer scale differ from those on the nanometer scale, and this results in distinct changes (e.g., the saturation solubility distinctly increases) [13]. In general, amorphous materials have an even higher Cs than nanocrystalline materials [14]. Thus, it would be more effective to use active

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• conversions of 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs catalyst of 43.1–87.9% at 80–180 °C were achieved, which was ascribed to the generation of amorphous MnO2, CuO and Fe2O3, and a high surface-oxygen (Os) content. Keywords: amorphous materials; carbon nanotubes; low-dimensional materials; low-temperature catalysis; SCR

• , also verifying the generation of metal oxide catalysts on the CNT surface. The EDX spectrum (Figure 3d) shows signals of Mn, Cu, Fe, O and C. Clear lattice fringes of the metal oxides cannot be observed in the HRTEM images, indicating the generation of amorphous materials, which is consistent with the

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• FEBID pads. The Raman spectrum in Figure 2a of the precursor shows a complex structure with a number of distinct peaks. Under the impact of the electron beam the spectrum changes to a broad Raman response (black curve in Figure 2a) that is typical for amorphous materials. The different features of the

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• amorphous materials, colloidal particles, and agglomerated particles can be identified by this method. Also, long-range order and the distance between the particles in a collection of polymer molecules can be determined by using SAXS and structural models. This method is non-destructive and can be used for

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• amorphous materials can be also produced by other methods, including severe plastic deformation [19] or wet-chemistry deposition of thin films [20]. Severe plastic deformation leads to phase transitions and strong grain refinement in metallic alloys (e.g., Al–Zn, Al–Zn–Mg, Cu–Ni, Co–Cu, Ni–Y–Nb and Zr–Nb

• values stated for crystalline Mg2Cu phase. The nanometer scale diffraction from selected areas in an amorphous matrix of Mg60Cu30Y10 glass used in [27] allows the interplanar spacing to be determined, which comes from the Mg2Cu clusters. What is more, the corrosion resistance of amorphous materials is

• final structural model of Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 metallic glass. The PDF function is one of the main tools which are used to describe the local atomic structure in amorphous materials. The peak values of Mg–Y, Mg–Mg, Mg–Cu and Mg–Ni partial functions g(r) are determined at 0.346, 0.325, 0.297 and 0.285 nm. The

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• subsequent runs, an increasing peak intensity is still observed after the third run (data not shown). While X-ray diffraction techniques are perfectly suited to follow structural processes in crystalline materials, their application to amorphous materials is less favorable. To also provide some insight into

Scanning reflection ion microscopy in a helium ion microscope

• Yuri V. Petrov and
• Oleg F. Vyvenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1125–1137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.114

• that the reflection coefficient is independent of the polar incident angle, φ1, that is, η = η(Θ1,φ1,Θ2,φ2) = η(Θ1,Θ2,φ2). This assumption is valid for amorphous materials and in the absence of ion channeling in crystalline materials. Ion channeling can cause the reflection coefficient to become

Nanostructuring of GeTiO amorphous films by pulsed laser irradiation

• Valentin S. Teodorescu,
• Cornel Ghica,
• Adrian V. Maraloiu,
• Mihai Vlaicu,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Magdalena L. Ciurea,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Ana M. Lepadatu,
• Nicu D. Scarisoreanu,
• Andreea Andrei,
• Valentin Ion and
• Maria Dinescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 893–900, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.92

• to the laser wavelength or harmonics [27]. This happens at all wavelengths and pulse durations, as in the case of femtosecond laser irradiation [28]. The stress-induced periodic-ripples mechanism demonstrated for crystalline Si [29] could be used for amorphous materials if we define a stress yield

Nanoporous Ge thin film production combining Ge sputtering and dopant implantation

• Jacques Perrin Toinin,
• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Michaël Texier,
• Maxime Bertoglio,
• Sandrine Bernardini,
• Marco Abbarchi and
• Lee Chow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 336–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.32

• brightest areas (identified as being GeOx clusters) correspond to amorphous materials that are in contact with the buried native SiO2 layer, present through the entire Ge layer thickness. Therefore, the disappearance of the GeOx clusters can be explained by the complete evaporation of the GeOx during

Growth and characterization of CNT–TiO₂ heterostructures

• Yucheng Zhang,
• Ivo Utke,
• Johann Michler,
• Gabriele Ilari,
• Marta D. Rossell and
• Rolf Erni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 946–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.108

• multiple scattering are developed, either in the reciprocal space or in the real space, to simulate the ELNES of both crystalline and amorphous materials [50]. Titantah et al. performed DFT calculations of ELNES on CNTs, taking into consideration the effect of curvatures, the electron-beam orientation as

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• paramagnetic. Moreover, nanoglasses were noted to be more ductile, more biocompatible, and catalytically more active than the corresponding melt-quenched glasses. Hence, this new class of noncrystalline materials may open the way to technologies utilizing the new properties. Keywords: amorphous materials

Nano-FTIR chemical mapping of minerals in biological materials

• Sergiu Amarie,
• Paul Zaslansky,
• Yusuke Kajihara,
• Erika Griesshaber,
• Wolfgang W. Schmahl and
• Fritz Keilmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 312–323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.35

• ) their near-field resonance line shape is asymmetric, with the steep high-frequency edge (Figure 4) typical of strong oscillators [6][46]. Disorder in a crystal would strongly reduce the amplitude, as has been shown systematically [47]. Amorphous materials have a reduced, broadened resonance [3], while